Some meanings are just lost, I’m afraid. At least that’s how it seems to me when I dig into the original languages of
scripture in hope of finding the most accurate translation of specific words.
To the post-modernist, a text means
whatever he pleases at any particular moment. Authorial intent doesn’t matter
in the slightest because the post-modernist assures us intent cannot be known
and, further, if intent could be
known it would carry no more weight than the most trivial and uninformed
interpretation of the reader.
Word studies? Who cares?
The chronic allegorizer is in much the same
position; he can make a passage mean almost anything he wants.
But for the serious Bible student that sort
of approach won’t work. A “faith” that supposes God may have spoken but that we
can’t have the slightest clue what he said is no faith at all. Thus, even if we
cannot be 100% certain of the meaning of any given word, we at least want to
take our very best shot at it.
Useful and Not-So-Useful
Now, thankfully, there are times when a
word study of Greek or Hebrew can be tremendously useful. The other day I
worked my way through seven Greek words used in a single verse in Hebrews and
felt every one of them yielded information that was worthwhile and increased my
confidence in my understanding of the verse in question.
But each of those seven Greek words occurs
repeatedly in the New Testament, some 200 times or more. In such cases,
the study of their other uses — especially by the same author — and
the context in which they are used inevitably increases our comprehension of
the text in some meaningful way.
Other times a specific word is used only
once in the word of God, so we have nothing to compare it to. Or perhaps its
meaning is disputed. Either event leads the modern reader to a bit of a
dead end.
Three Daughters with Names
For example, Job’s second set of three
daughters are named in the book’s final chapter:
“And he called the name of the first daughter Jemimah, and the name of the second Keziah, and the name of the third Keren-happuch.”
Each of these names has a meaning. One
might think these meanings should be important to us since the Spirit of God
chose to include them while not naming their seven brothers, something that
would have been fairly unusual in patriarchal times:
Jemima = possibly “day by day”, or less likely, “dove”
Kezia = “cassia” (a valuable spice)
Keren-happuch = “horn of antimony” (best guess is a container for cosmetics)
What’s the Spiritual Significance?
Approaching the passage, I supposed there
might be deep spiritual significance in Job’s name choices, and perhaps there
is. But I can say with a fair bit of confidence that it isn’t one we are in a
position to dig out and explore. Each of the three names in Hebrew has disappointingly few points of comparison in the rest of the Old Testament (one, four and zero, respectively).
Further, even if we have nailed the precise meaning of the name, nobody can possibly know precisely what was in Job’s mind when he selected them. We’re simply speculating. Was he sad? Reflective? Grateful? Joyful? What lessons had he learned from his experience with God, and are his choices related to that in some way? I suspect so, but it’s all conjecture, since the book’s writer simply doesn’t come out and say, and we’re just not sufficiently familiar with the Hebrew in which the book was written to put ourselves in the original audience’s shoes.
Deeper Down
Still, some certainly try going deeper.
For instance, a reader named Joshua fishes for an answer at the Biblical Hermeneutics website and finds himself frustrated by this response:
“The names of the daughters might just be an expression of Job’s delight in his new-found blessing (similar to the way that the names of Joseph’s children symbolize the work of grace that took place in Joseph’s heart; cf Genesis 41:51-52). In other words, these names are Job’s personal testimony that warmth and perfume and fruit have once again filled his soul.”
That’s just a slightly longer way of saying, “I don’t know.”
Mike Bagwell, on the other hand, sees references to Father, Son and Holy Spirit in the names of the three girls. He goes on at considerable length, but it seems to me he
gets to his conclusions more through free association and wild speculation than
scholarship or spiritual insight.
No help there.
I regretfully conclude some meanings are just lost.
Profitable and More Profitable
If that sounds a bit discouraging, bear two
things in mind:
- The meanings of Job’s daughters’ names were not lost to the original Hebrew readers of the book of Job, for whom these words were not in the least obscure. The Spirit of God was making a point there for someone — and perhaps generations of someones — even if today we can’t see that point quite so clearly anymore. And if it’s in any way important to us, he has undoubtedly made the same concept explicit elsewhere in his word.
- There are plenty of passages in the Old Testament whose full meanings were obscure to the original audience, not to mention the writer himself, but are perfectly clear to us now that Christ has come and he and his apostles and others have explained them to us.
All scripture is profitable, but that
doesn’t mean it’s profitable to different audiences at different times in
precisely the same way.
* * * * *
The perfect is the enemy of the good. So said Voltaire,
or at least he said something similar, though almost surely in French. With that in mind, I find this passage
interesting:
“John said to [Jesus], ‘Teacher, we saw someone casting out demons in your name, and we tried to stop him, because he was not following us.’ But Jesus said, ‘Do not stop him, for no one who does a mighty work in my name will be able soon afterward to speak evil of me. For the one who is not against us is for us.’ ”
Over Thanksgiving, one of my brothers
expressed qualified enthusiasm for a book written by Rick Warren.
Paging Rick Warren ...
Now, I have no personal reason to strongly
like or dislike Rick Warren. I don’t know enough about him to have a solid
opinion. Everything I’ve read about him is second-hand. And like any other
well-known evangelical figure, Warren has accumulated a long line of detractors
and critics. He’s said to be a good friend of Masons and reputed to hang with
New Agers. He uses marketing studies to write his books. He runs a church like
a business. He has been called a heretic, though that word is awfully overused. These criticisms may or may not be on the
nose; I haven’t cared enough to look. I also have no objection in principle to
criticism of Warren’s practices. I like legitimate criticism, and in Warren’s
case it may be well deserved.
Anyway, Warren has written a series of books designed primarily to reach people with little or no understanding of the Bible
or God in which he tries, perhaps imperfectly, to put timeless truths into
modern language. That’s not an easy task, but it’s an absolutely necessary
one — critical, even. Not enough of us are doing it. Many primers for
new believers or books directed at the unsaved slip inadvertently into language
incomprehensible to their intended audience. Even simple words like “saved”
require explanation for those with no church background.
The response of many Christians to Warren’s
work is unrestrained enthusiasm. Others reject using his material because bad
things have been written about him, some of which may even be true.
Mighty Works
Back to our verse. So the disciples come
across a guy doing something that seems to be pretty effective in the spiritual
realm, in this case casting out demons. What does it mean to do that sort of
“mighty work” today? Well, I’d suggest clearly presenting the gospel to those
who wouldn’t otherwise understand it might qualify. It ain’t miraculous, but it’s
significant, and not to be unreasonably diminished by those who aren’t out
there doing it themselves.
More importantly, what does it mean to do a
mighty work “in my name”? I suspect it means to do it on Christ’s behalf in
accordance with his will. So when we come across something that appears to
work, the question of whether we should make use of it is not so much “Who is
Rick Warren and does our church really want to be associated with him or send
him money?” but rather “Is this particular book or piece of curriculum faithful
to the word of God and does it accomplish his purposes?”
Hey, I’m not throwing out my copy of Mere Christianity just because
C.S. Lewis once married a divorced woman. Not happening. That’s just how
I roll.
In My Name
So, taken purely on its own, can we use
Rick Warren’s curriculum “in my name”?
My thought: Toss the books you can’t, or
the sections you can’t, and use whatever you can use in good conscience.
Alternatively, write your own and do it
better. But do something. My job as a Christian is not to stop Rick Warren
because he’s doing his job imperfectly. The perfect is the enemy of the good.
Also, you won’t find it in this life.
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