No King in Israel (12)

Last week, we looked at the historical circumstances in which God called Gideon to serve as his judge and deliverer of Israel. The Holy Spirit has given us ten verses of explanation to set up the situation, and I felt I would be unwise to ignore them.

This week, we look at Gideon’s call to service. Othniel judged because the Spirit of the Lord came upon him. Ehud judged because the Lord “raised him up” and Shamgar did his bit with the ox goad for reasons the writer of Judges does not disclose. Deborah judged because she was in touch with heaven and there was nobody else willing to do the job. The people came to her for guidance.

No King in Israel (11)

Today’s chapter begins with sad, familiar words: “The people of Israel did what was evil in the sight of the Lord.” The writer does not specify the nature of this evil immediately, though we could surely guess by now, but God shortly sends his prophet to declare it. Our narrator will also tell us that the first instruction God gave Gideon, his next appointed deliverer of Israel, was to tear down his own father’s altar to Baal, then chop down his Asherah pole and use it for firewood.

This also would be a clue.

No King in Israel (10)

If we were looking at chapter 5 of Judges purely from a literary standpoint, we might call it largely redundant. While it contains a few interesting bits of information we will comment on here, for the most part it simply recapitulates much of the historical narrative from the previous chapter in the form of a Hebrew song of praise to God. A secular editor might be inclined to cut to the chase and move us right on to Gideon’s storyline.

Thankfully, our Editor had a better idea.

No King in Israel (9)

The fourth judge of Israel was a woman named Deborah. Yes, there was a female judge. Deborah was also a ‘prophetess’, a term the politically sensitive programmers of my word processor are desperate to render obsolete and refuse to dignify by acknowledging as legit English. I therefore refuse to stop typing it: it’s in my Bible, after all. Such is life in 2025.

Brace yourself for the inevitable if you dare to Google-search the combo of ‘Deborah’ and ‘judge’. Tanya Hendrix conjectures, “She was a warrior.” Christianity.com is confident being a judge and prophetess means Deborah “preached” and led “worship services”. The Jewish Women’s Archive hypothesizes, “Torah scholars would come to learn from her” and that she was “a worker at the temple”.

*Sigh*. Oh well, as Michael Buffer used to so memorably intone, “Let’s get ready to rumble!”

No King in Israel (8)

The gory doings in Judges continue this week (and probably the next two) with the story of Jael and Sisera. I will probably not dwell on Jael’s novel use for a tent peg at great length, but scripture devotes two chapters to the deliverance of Israel from the king of Hazor and its aftermath, so we should probably examine some of the historical background to the chapters that Sunday school teachers tend to leave out.

Of special interest (to me at least) is the song preserved in chapter 5, which gives us far more detail about the battle than the summary in chapter 4, which takes all of four words: “the Lord routed Sisera”.

So he did. No great credit to Barak, the leader of Israel’s armies.

No King in Israel (7)

“Shamgar had an oxgoad,
 David had a sling,
 Dorcas had a needle,
 Rahab had some string,
 Samson had a jawbone,
 Aaron had a rod,
 Mary had some ointment,
 and they all were used of God.”

So goes the children’s song, and in its first line it provides almost as much information about the third judge in the book of Judges as does scripture itself.

Almost, but not quite.

No King in Israel (6)

I’m not going to cut and paste the entire book of Judges into these posts for your reading pleasure but will pick verses here and there to reflect on in greater depth. I hope to travel through the twelve judges whose exploits we find in these chapters at a reasonable pace. I would encourage any readers unfamiliar with the stories to look them up as we move through the book. For most of our regulars, they will be well-known territory.

Then again, maybe your Sunday school teacher judiciously redacted the exploits of today’s judge from the curriculum when you were growing up. I’m not sure I recall getting his story in mine. It’s got some fairly PG-rated moments.

No King in Israel (5)

The phrase “the children of Israel did evil” (in some modern translations, “people”) appears exactly seven times throughout the book of Judges, once in the introductory summary and once at the beginning of each of six of its twelve historical sections. In order, these are: Othniel (oppressing nation: Mesopotamia, period of national servitude: 8 years); Ehud (Moab, 18 years); Deborah (Canaan, 20 years); Gideon (Midian, 7 years); Jephthah (Ammon, 18 years); and Samson (Philistines, 40 years).

So then, six notable periods of extended oppression from six different nations, totaling 111 of the 300-plus years the judges judged Israel.

No King in Israel (4)

Verse 7 of Judges 3 will bring us to the next section of Judges, telling twelve stories of the judges God raised up to deliver Israel over the next fourteen chapters. But before we get to these tales, each with their own lessons, the writer or writers of Judges present us with a historical overview of the entire period, along with a preview of some of the enemies Israel will encounter in subsequent chapters as a result of its sins.

Running like a red thread through this era of spiritual decline is the mercy of God …

No King in Israel (3)

A public appearance by the angel of the Lord in front of large numbers of people is quite exceptional. Indeed, for God to mete out justice personally to sinners during their lifetimes is also a comparatively rare event. A formal, exhaustive accounting for all the evil men have done awaits them at the end of their lives, as the book of Hebrews tells us. Under normal circumstances, that is where God judges sin.

All the same, throughout human history, God has necessarily overlooked much evil, or else all our lives would be very short ones. The divine standard is not to be applied to men until after death.

No King in Israel (2)

The word šāpāṭ, frequently translated “judge”, appears 21 times in the Hebrew version of the book of Judges, beginning with the second chapter. It’s far from the first time the word occurs in scripture, also being present at least 30 times in the first six books of the Bible. The vast majority of this content almost surely dates earlier than Judges, establishing the meaning of the word for us as its initial readers understood it.

No King in Israel (1)

All over the world and all through history, wherever you have kings, dynasties invariably follow — at least until some nasty person ends them prematurely. I suppose over the course of the last several millennia, there may have been one or two gentle fellows who ruled a nation for thirty years and then thought, “Say, I’m not going to live forever, am I? Maybe the throne should go to the man who will do the best for my kingdom.”

Well, there may have been. I have no evidence of it. What happened instead was that — good, bad or indifferent — son replaced father if someone didn’t kill dad first.